The EU has been funding innovative low-carbon technologies through the third phase of the EU emissions trading system (ETS) in a programme called NER300 and is currently debating the 4th phase.
The NER 300 programme established carbon capture and storage (CCS) and innovative renewable energy (RES) projects on a commercial-scale . The programme supported a range of RES technologies (bioenergy, concentrated solar power, photovoltaics, geothermal, wind, ocean, hydropower, and smart grids) but also some CCS technologies (pre-combustion, post-combustion, oxyfuel, and industrial applications).